Isaiah 12:1-6 flows from Chapter 11. The two chapters are the final section of a poem about the ideal king in a peaceful future. As elsewhere in the Bible, divine judgment and mercy remain in balance.
Psalm 29 praises God. It is also an adaptation of a hymn to Baal Peor, the Canaanite storm god. Rewriting pagan stories and texts for Jewish theological purposes was a fairly common practice. Doing so was one way of asserting the sovereignty of God and affirming faith in the one true deity. Rewriting pagan texts also constituted an argument against the original texts’ validity. In this case, rewriting a hymn in praise of Baal Peor was rebutting the legitimacy of his cultus.
Acts 8:26-39 and John 1:29-34 point to Jesus, as they should.
The ideal future remains an unfulfilled prophecy. Nevertheless, I, as a Christian, affirm that the Incarnation was a game changer. I hold that the reality of God’s presence became obvious in a way it was not previously obvious.
The presence of God is evident in many ways in our deeply flawed societies. There are no gods; there is God. God is sovereign, despite all appearances to the contrary.
May we–you, O reader, and I–keep the faith and work to make the world resemble more closely the fully realized Kingdom of God. Only God can save the world and usher in the fully realized Kingdom of God, of course. Yet we–you, O reader, and I–have a divine mandate to leave the world better than we found it.
Image Source = Hammond’s World Atlas–Classics Edition (1957)
Scan by Kenneth Randolph Taylor
The Glory of God, Filling the Earth, Part II
JANUARY 9, 2022
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The Collect:
Almighty God, you gave us your only Son
to take on our human nature and to illumine the world with your light.
By your grace adopt us as your children and enlighten us with your Spirit,
through Jesus Christ, our Redeemer and Lord, who lives and reigns
with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen.
–Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006), page 20
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The Assigned Readings:
Numbers 24:15-19
Psalm 72
Luke 1:67-79
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May his rule extend from sea to sea,
from the river to the ends of the earth.
–Psalm 72:8, The Psalms Introduced and Newly Translated for Today’s Readers (1989), by Harry Mowvley
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Balaam was a Hebrew prophet who consented to prophesy for hire, to say what his new, temporary employer wanted him to say. At the time many people thought that blessings and curses had power, so, in the context of Numbers 24, Balaam’s words mattered. God worked through Balaam, much to the chagrin of the prophet’s temporary employer. The Hebrews, Balaam proclaimed, would rule the Transjordan region. That prophecy might have been an addition to the original story of Balaam (complete with the talking donkey), for, at the time of King David, the Kingdom of Israel conquered Moab and Edom. If the prophecy in question is of later origin, my point remains unaltered. That point is that, according to the text, the Hebrews would triumph over their enemies and that the closest thing to the Kingdom of God on the Earth would win its battles.
The hope for a literal Kingdom of God on the Earth is ancient. Many authors of the Hebrew Scriptures echoed it repeatedly, as in Psalm 72, a coronation text. In time the aspirations of Psalm 72 became messianic. The prophecy of Zechariah in Luke 1:67-79 fit in well with the desire for a different world order.
My reading in Biblical studies has taught me much about the Kingdom of God. It has been partially present on the Earth for a long time. Attempting (as I have done) to identify how long the Kingdom of God has been present on the Earth is probably not the best intellectual exercise to undertake, for, strictly speaking, God has not, at any point in the human past, been closer to or farther away from us than at any other point in the human past. The Kingdom of God, therefore, has not been nearer to us or more distant from us at any point of time than at another. Nevertheless, we await the fully unveiled Kingdom of God.
As we wait for, as members of many preceding generations have awaited the fully realized Kingdom of God, may we never lose sight of the partially realized Kingdom of God among us and our roles in it. May we love our fellow human beings as we love ourselves. May we put away fear, hatred, bigotry, and everything else that separates us from accomplishing the goal of beloved community. May we respect the image of God in each other then act accordingly. Whenever we help the least of those among us we aid Christ. Likewise, whenever we refuse to help the least of those among us, we refused to aid Christ.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
SEPTEMBER 20, 2015 COMMON ERA
PROPER 20–THE SEVENTEENTH SUNDAY AFTER PENTECOST, YEAR B
THE FEAST OF HENRI NOUWEN, ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST
THE FEAST OF HENRY COLERIDGE PATTESON, ANGLICAN BISHOP OF MELANESIA, AND HIS COMPANIONS, MARTYRS
THE FEAST OF NELSON WESLEY TROUT, FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN U.S. BISHOP
Holy God, creator of light and giver of goodness, your voice moves over the waters.
Immerse us in your grace, and transform us by your Spirit,
that we may follow after your Son, Jesus Christ, our Savior and Lord,
who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen.
–Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006), page 22
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The Assigned Readings:
Genesis 17:1-13 (Monday)
Exodus 30:22-28 (Tuesday)
Psalm 69:1-5, 30-36 (Both Days)
Romans 4:1-12 (Monday)
Acts 22:2-16 (Tuesday)
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I will praise the Name of God in song;
I will proclaim his greatness with thanksgiving.
This will please the LORD more than an offering of oxen,
more than bullocks with horns and hoofs.
The afflicted shall see and be glad;
you who seek God, your heart shall live.
For the LORD listens to the needy,
and his prisoners he does not despise.
Let the heavens and the earth praise him,
the seas and all that moves in them;
For God will save Zion and rebuild the cities of Judah;
they shall live there and have it in possession.
The children of his servants will inherit it,
and those who love his Name will dwell therein.
–Psalm 69:32-38, The Book of Common Prayer (1979)
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Genesis 17 tells one version (the Priestly story) of God’s covenant with Abraham. It duplicates much material from the Yahwistic account in Genesis 15 and adds details about circumcision and Sarah’s pregnancy. The P account is a story about the graciousness and power of God and one man’s trust in the deity. Unfortunately, as the saga of Abraham unfolded, the great patriarch came to value his relationship with God so much that he acted in ways which damaged his closest human relationships. I would not have wanted to have been one of Abraham’s sons.
God approached a mortal in Genesis 17. The instructions regarding the sacred anointing oil in Exodus 30:22-28 concerned how people should approach God–with the utmost reverence, OR ELSE. There was a chasm between humans and God (the holy one) in much of the Old Testament. Much later, when St. Paul the Apostle preached about Jesus, many people wanted to cut him off from the land of the living. He had committed blasphemy, they thought.
St. Paul had a higher opinion of Abraham than I do, but the Apostle had a valid point in Romans 4, for the patriarch preceded the Law of Moses. Abraham did manifest active trust in God when he was still Abram, as the Apostle pointed out. And Genesis describes a very close relationship between God and Abraham; they were on speaking terms, face-to-face, according to the texts.
We should, while avoiding extremes (such as seeking to kill people in the name of God) approach God with deep awe and love. We worship the deity, who has not only approached us but incarnated and became one of us. And we have a commandment to love our neighbors as we love ourselves, to respect the image of God in them. May we act accordingly, trusting in God and recognizing the limits of our abilities and knowledge. And may we value being merciful more than being correct in our minds.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
NOVEMBER 17, 2014 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF JOHANN CHRISTIAN TILL, U.S. MORAVIAN ORGANIST, COMPOSER, AND PIANO BUILDER; AND HIS SON, JACOB CHRISTIAN TILL, U.S. MORAVIAN PIANO BUILDER
THE FEAST OF SAINT HUGH OF LINCOLN, ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP
THE FEAST OF SAINT ROQUE GONZALEZ DE SANTA CRUZ, ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST
THE FEAST OF SAINT ROSE-PHILIPPINE DUCHESNE, ROMAN CATHOLIC CONTEMPLATIVE
Almighty and ever-living God, you revealed the incarnation of your Son by the brilliant shining of a star.
Shine the light of your justice always in our hearts and over all lands,
and accept our lives as the treasure we offer in your praise and for your service,
through Jesus Christ, our Savior and Lord, who lives and reigns
with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen.
–Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006), page 21
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The Assigned Readings:
Exodus 1:22-2:10 (January 7)
Exodus 2:11-25 (January 8)
Exodus 3:7-15 (January 9)
Psalm 110 (All Days)
Hebrews 11:23-26 (January 7)
Hebrews 11:27-28 (January 8)
John 8:39-59 (January 9)
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The LORD said to my Lord, “Sit at my right hand,
until I make your enemies your footstool.”
The LORD will send the scepter of your power out of Zion,
saying, “Rule over your enemies round about you.
Princely state has been yours from the day of your birth;
in the beauty of holiness have I begotten you,
like dew from the womb of the morning.”
The LORD has sworn and he will not recant:
“You are a priest for ever in the order of Melchizedek,”
The Lord who is at your right hand
will smite kings in the day of his wrath;
he will rule over nations.
He will heap high the corpses;
he will smash heads over the wide earth.
He will drink from the brook beside the road;
therefore he will lift high his head.
–Psalm 110, The Book of Common Prayer (1979)
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Tradition attributes authorship of Psalm 110 to David. One cannot be certain of the veracity of that claim, given the tendency of many people from Biblical times to attribute authorship to the famous dead regardless of who actually wrote a given text. That issue is a minor point, however. A Hebrew monarch has won a military victory, hence the content and tone of the text. One can read the poem and identify passages germane to both Moses and Jesus, as well as those irrelevant to each person. We read of Moses smiting in Exodus, for example. And Jesus, like the king in the Psalm, sits enthroned at the right hand of Yahweh.
One might also compare Moses and Jesus, as the author of the Gospel of Matthew did frequently. Both men were, for example, far more than they appeared to be; they were deliverers and princes, although not of the same variety. No, Jesus was (and remains) far greater than Moses, for our Lord and Savior’s “I am” (John 9:58) carries the same meaning as “I AM WHO I AM” (Exodus 3:14). Jesus was the human incarnation of the deity who spoke to Moses.
Both men had to decide between a faithful life and a safer, more comfortable one. They chose well, to the benefit of many people. You and I, O reader, will probably not receive the mandate to liberate a large population. We will certainly not have the vocation to redeem the world. Yet we do have to decide between following God and doing otherwise. The faithful path can be a dangerous and frequently uncomfortable one, but it is the superior way. God calls us to act for the benefit of others, even when many of them reject God and us by extension. But, as Charles William Everest (1814-1877) wrote in 1833:
“Take up thy cross,” the Savior said;
“if thou wouldst my disciple be,
take up thy cross with willing heart
and humbly follow after me.”
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Take up thy cross, let not its weight
fill thy weak spirit with alarm;
his strength shall bear thy spirit up,
and brace thy heart and nerve thine arm.
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Take up thy cross, nor heed the shame,
and let thy foolish pride be still;
the Lord refused not e’en to die
upon a cross, on Calv’ry’s hill.
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Take up thy cross and follow Christ,
nor think till earth to lay it down,
for only they who bear the cross
may hope to wear the glorious crown.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
NOVEMBER 12, 2014 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF SAINT JOSAPHAT, ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOP OF POLOTSK, AND MARTYR
THE FEAST OF CHARLES SIMEON, ANGLICAN PRIEST
THE FEAST OF RAY PALMER, U.S. CONGREGATIONALIST MINISTER AND HYMN WRITER
THE FEAST OF WILLIAM ARTHUR DUNKERLEY, BRITISH NOVELIST, POET, AND HYMN WRITER
Happy are the people who know the shout of triumph:
they walk, O Lord, in the light of your countenance.
In your name they rejoice all the day long
and are exalted in your righteousness.
For you are the glory of their strength,
and in your favour you lift up our heads.
Truly the Lord is our shield;
the Holy One of Israel is our king.
–Psalm 89:13-18, The Book of Common Prayer (2004)
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Faithfulness to God does not depend upon one’s cultural or ethnic heritage. In the Bible alone many Gentiles proved faithful and a host of Hebrews did not, just as many Hebrews proved faithful and a plethora of Gentiles did not. Sometimes the faithless and the faithful were the same people.
The Book of Genesis, being composed of sources edited together, contains a number of doublets. There are, for example, two sets of instructions regarding the number of animals to take aboard Noah’s Ark, two creation stories, and two versions of how Jacob became Israel. The more famous one–the wrestling match—occurs in Chapter 32. In Chapter 35, however, Jacob becomes Israel after he erects an altar to God at Bethel and buries the idols of the members of his household. Jacob had been a trickster whom others had tricked. Yet he became a great instrument of God.
One of the major issues in the New Testament is the proper relationship of the Law of Moses to Gentiles. St. Paul the Apostle dealt with it. And so did St. Simon Peter, through whom the household of St. Cornelius the Centurion came to God. This major issue was one of identity for Jews and Gentiles alike. My position is that one ought never to maintain one’s identity by excluding others whom one should include.
This is a devotional post for early in the Season after Epiphany, a time to think about the proclamation of the Incarnation of God to the Gentiles. I am a Gentile, so I owe much gratitude to St. Simon Peter, St. Paul the Apostle, and those who followed in their footsteps. Yet I face my own spiritual challenge–to welcome those whom, out of misplaced piety, I might exclude improperly. May you, O reader, and I follow where our spiritual forebears have trod faithfully.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
SEPTEMBER 3, 2013 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF ARTHUR CARL LICHTENBERGER, PRESIDING BISHOP OF THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH
The reading from Luke 13 prompts me to think of the Classic Theory of the Atonement, a.k.a. the Conquest of Satan and Christus Victor. This interpretation dates to early Christianity, for Origen, St. Irenaeus, and St. Justin Martyr argued for it. I have read more recent iterations of it in the works of Gustav Aulen and N. T. Wright. As St. Irenaeus (died 202 C.E.) wrote:
The Word of God was made flesh in order that He might destroy death and bring men to life, for we were tied and bound in sin, we were born in sin and live under the dominion of death.
–Quoted in Linwood Urban, A Short History of Christian Thought, Revised and Expanded Edition (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995), page 109
Perfidious men–men, not people generically (I like to use gendered language precisely)–plotted to kill Jesus. They succeeded in that goal. Yet our Lord and Savior did not remain dead for long. So those perfidious men failed ultimately.
God wins ultimately, despite our best human attempts to thwart that result. Such is the best definition of the sovereignty of God I can muster.
Micah 5:1-8/5:2-9 (depending on the versification in the translation one reads) sounds reassuring for the Hebrew nation in the late eighth century B.C.E.-early seventh century B.C.E., the timeframe for Isaiah 1-39. Woe be unto any Assyrian invaders, it says. If one continues to read, however, one discovers that the Assyrians are not the only ones who should quake in fear of divine retribution, which will fall also on the homefront as well:
In anger and fury I shall wreak vengeance
on the nations who disobey me.
–Micah 5:15, The Revised English Bible
The disobedience in Micah 5 took various forms, including idolatry.
Idols range from false deities to anything which anyone lets stand between him or her and God. I live in Athens, Georgia, a football-mad town. Often I note the tone of reverence regarding University of Georgia athletics in the local press. And frequently have I heard sports fans liken sports to religion. It is one for many of them. And, ironically, the Bible functions as an idol for many honest seekers of God. The Scriptures are supposed to be as icons, through which people see God, but their function varies according to the user thereof.
Religion is a basic human need. Even many militant fundamentalist Atheists possess the same irritating zeal as do many fundamentalists of theistic varieties. I stand in the middle, rejecting both excessive skepticism and misplaced certainty, overboard materialism and rationality with the haunting fear that having sex standing up will lead to (gasp!) dancing. So I reject idols on either side of my position while know that I need to examine my own position for the presence of idols, as abstract as they might be.
Perhaps the greatest spiritual challenge is to identify and reject all idols, which do not seem as what they are to us because the most basic assumptions people carry do not look like assumptions to us. Thus we justify ourselves to ourselves while we stand in serious error. Sometimes our idols and false assumptions, combined with fears, lead us commit violence–frequently in the name of God or an imagined deity, perhaps understood as being loving.
We are really messed up. Fortunately, there is abundant grace available to us. But can we recognize that if idolatry blinds us spiritually?
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KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
SEPTEMBER 2, 2013 COMMON ERA
LABOR DAY (U.S.A.)
THE FEAST OF HANNAH, MOTHER OF SAMUEL
THE FEAST OF DAVID CHARLES, WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST MINISTER AND HYMN WRITER
THE FEAST OF THE MARTYRS OF NEW GUINEA
THE FEAST OF SAINT WILLIAM OF ROSKILDE, ROMAN CATHOLIC BISHOP
Liturgical time matters, for it sacramentalizes days, hours, and minutes, adding up to seasons on the church calendar. Among the frequently overlooked seasons is the Season after Epiphany, the first part of Ordinary Time. The Feast of the Epiphany always falls on January 6 in my tradition. And Ash Wednesday always falls forty days (excluding Sundays) before Easter Sunday. The Season after Epiphany falls between The Feast of the Epiphany and Ash Wednesday. In 2013 the season will span January 7-February 12.
This season ought to be a holy time, one in which to be especially mindful of the imperative to take the good news of Jesus of Nazareth to others by a variety of means, including words when necessary. Words are meaningless when our actions belie them, after all. Among the themes of this season is that the Gospel is for all people, not just those we define as insiders. No, the message is also for our “Gentiles,” those whom we define as outsiders. So, with that thought in mind, I encourage you, O reader, to exclude nobody. Do not define yourself as an insider to the detriment of others. If you follow this advice, you will have a proper Epiphany spirit.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
NOVEMBER 9, 2012 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF MARTIN CHEMNITZ, GERMAN LUTHERAN THEOLOGIAN
THE FEAST OF BARTON STONE, COFOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH (DISCIPLES OF CHRIST)
Isaiah 43:1-7 (Revised Standard Version–Second Catholic Edition):
But now thus says the LORD, he who created you, O Jacob,
he who formed you, O Israel:
Fear not, for I have redeemed you;
I have called you by name, you are mine.
When you pass through the waters I will be with you;
and through the rivers, they shall not overwhelm you;
when you walk through fire you shall not be burned,
and the flame shall not consume you.
For I am the LORD your God,
the Holy One of Israel, your Savior.
I give Egypt as your ransom,
Ethiopia and Seba in exchange for you.
Because you are precious in my eyes,
and honored, and I love you,
I give men in return for you,
peoples in exchange for your life.
Fear not, for I am with you;
I will bring your offspring from the east,
and from the west I will gather you;
I will say to the north, Give up,
and o the south, Do not withhold;
bring my sons from afar
and my daughters from the end of the earth,
every one who is called by my name,
whom I have created for my glory,
whom I formed and made.
Psalm 29 (1979 Book of Common Prayer):
1 Ascribe to the LORD, you gods,
ascribe to the LORD glory and strength.
2 Ascribe to the LORD the glory due his name;
worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness.
3 The voice of the LORD is upon the waters;
the God of glory thunders;
the LORD is mighty upon the waters.
4 The voice of the LORD is a powerful voice;
the voice of the LORD is a voice of splendor.
5 The voice of the LORD breaks the cedar trees;
the LORD breaks the cedars of Lebanon;
6 He makes Lebanon skip like a calf,
and Mount Hermon like a young wild ox.
7 The voice of the LORD splits the flames of fire;
the voice of the LORD shakes the wilderness;
the LORD shakes the wilderness of Kadesh.
8 The voice of the LORD makes the oak trees writhe
and strips the forest bare.
9 And in the temple of the LORD
all are crying, “Glory!”
10 The LORD sits enthroned above the flood;
the LORD sits enthroned as King for evermore.
11 The LORD shall give strength to his people;
the LORD shall give his people the blessing of peace.
Acts 8:14-17 (Revised English Bible):
When the apostles in Jerusalem heard that Samaria had accepted the word of God, they sent off Peter and John, who went down there and prayed for the converts, asking that they might receive the Holy Spirit. Until then the Spirit had not come upon any of them, they had been baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus, that and nothing more. So Peter and John laid their hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.
Luke 3:15-17, 21-22 (Revised Standard Version–Second Catholic Edition):
As the people were in expectation, all men questioned in their hearts concerning John, whether perhaps he were the Christ. John answered them all,
I baptize you with water; but he who is mightier than I is coming; the thong of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie; he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and with fire. His winnowing fork is in his hand, to clear his threshing floor, and to gather the wheat into his granary, but the chaff he will burn with unquenchable fire.
…
Now when all the people were baptized, and when Jesus also had been baptized and was praying, the heaven was opened, and the Holy Spirit descended upon him in bodily form, as a dove, and a voice came from heaven,
You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.
The Collect:
Father in heaven, who at the baptism of Jesus in the River Jordan proclaimed him your beloved Son and anointed him with the Holy Spirit: Grant that all who are baptized into his Name may keep the covenant they have made, and boldly confess him as Lord and Savior; who with you and the Holy Spirit lives and reigns, one God, in glory everlasting. Amen.
Water can be threatening. People have drowned in it. Sometimes water has flooded, causing great devastation. Yet water is essential to life; those who dwell in the desert know this well. An insufficient supply of drinkable water causes death, but too much water can have the same effect. Yet just enough is healthy.
And water played a vital role in the history of the Jews. The passage through the Sea of Reeds during the Exodus from Egypt marked the birth of the Hebrew nation. Episcopal baptismal rituals refer to the Exodus, for in water we have a potent symbol of life, physical and spiritual.
…and the flame will not consume you,
we read in the context of promised divine protection in Isaiah 43:2b. Fire is also an image for the Holy Spirit, said (in lovely poetic language) to have descended upon Jesus
in bodily form like a dove
(Luke 3:22a). Fire is also either helpful or harmful, depending on the context. But the proverbial fire of the Holy Spirit is positive. As a High Churchy Episcopalian I understand the Holy Spirit differently than do Pentecostals and Charismatics, so I will try to express my concept clearly. The Holy Spirit, one third of the Trinity (however that works) is how God works on Earth in the here and now. It is how God speaks to us today. And God speaks to many people in different ways.
However God speaks to each of us, may all of us receive the Holy Spirit. And, if or when one manner of receiving it differs from another, so be it.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
MARCH 15, 2012 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF SAINT ZACHARY, BISHOP OF ROME
THE FEAST OF EDMUND MUSKIE, UNITED STATES SENATOR AND SECRETARY OF STATE
THE FEAST OF SAINT LOUISE DE MARILLAC, COFOUNDER OF THE DAUGHTERS OF CHARITY
In the same way faith, if good deeds do not go with it, is quite dead….You see now that it is by deeds, not only by believing that someone is justified.
The mission of Ezekiel involved dispensing constructive criticism for the purpose of granting one an opportunity to repair one’s ways. That is repentance–turning around, changing one’s mind. Often I hear and read examples of people misusing and misunderstanding that word, and I tire of having to define it properly. This should not be necessary for clarity! But it is, sadly.
Repentance and the opportunity to engage in it indicates hope. If one is already condemned irreversibly, there is no point in making that offer. And the theme of repentance occurs in Romans 2:1-16. God is abundantly good. Such generosity calls for human gratitude, not rejection. Love ought to lead to more love in response.
Then Peter addressed them, “I now really understand, ” he said, “that God has no favourites, but that anybody of any nationality who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him.”
–Acts 10:34-35, The New Jerusalem Bible
Paul, like Peter, came to recognize that God spoke to Jews and Gentiles. Certain Gentiles, Paul indicated, did a better job of obeying parts of the Law than did some Jews. Those disobedient Jews had no excuse, for it was their Law. And the Gentiles did not know of the Law, other than the one “engraved on their hearts” (Romans 2:15).
Consider the scandal of this: Alleged heathens can outmatch some of God’s chosen people in holiness. As a Gentile, I like the thought. Yet, as a churchy person, I wonder if I am among the chosen when I analyze the situation to today. Faith was inherently active for Paul and mainly intellectual for Jams, but both of them agreed that deeds were crucial. Many times I have struggled to commit good deeds or have avoided them out of selfish motives. Sometimes I read a passage of scripture and find constructive criticism. Then I know that I need to repent.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
MARCH 14, 2012 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF SAINT MATHILDA, QUEEN OF GERMANY
THE FEAST OF KEREOPA AND MANIHERA OF TARANAKI, ANGLICAN MARTYRS
ADVENT, CHRISTMAS, AND EPIPHANY DEVOTIONS 
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